50 feet of 12-gauge is overkill for a 15-amp table saw.

Yes, you can. That cord is rated for 20 amps, so a 15-amp saw won’t even make it sweat. Voltage drop at 50 feet with 12-gauge is negligible—maybe 2-3 volts, not enough to affect the saw.

If you’re tripping breakers, it’s not the cord. It’s either the saw’s startup surge (motors can draw 2-3x rated amps for a split second) or a weak breaker. Your cord is fine.

Don’t overthink this. 12-gauge is the standard for 15-amp tools at that distance. Use it and move on.