A screwdriver and your fingers (maybe just your fingers)

Almost none.

Desktop RAM slots are designed to be tool-less. You push the clips, line up the notch, and press down until they click. That’s it.

If your case has a solid side panel secured with screws—most do—you’ll need a #2 Phillips head screwdriver to open it. Some cases use thumbscrews, so you might not even need that.

That’s the list: a screwdriver. Maybe. Don’t buy anything special. Don’t overthink it.

(You’re not rewiring a jet engine.)