Citronella works best when diluted and reapplied often.

Yes, but you cannot just dab pure citronella essential oil on your skin and call it a day. It will irritate you, evaporate fast, and probably not repel much.

The right way: mix it with a carrier oil — coconut, jojoba, or even olive oil — at about 5 to 10% concentration. That is roughly 30 to 60 drops of citronella per ounce of carrier. Rub it on exposed skin like lotion. Then reapply every 30 to 45 minutes, because citronella evaporates quickly.

For a spray that covers more area, combine citronella with a bit of rubbing alcohol or vodka to help it disperse in water. About 1 part oil to 10 parts water, plus a teaspoon of alcohol per cup. Shake before each use.

Do not expect miracles. Citronella is mild compared to DEET or picaridin. It works okay for short backyard hangs but will not save you from a swamp full of mosquitoes.

If you are dealing with serious bugs, skip the oil and grab a proper repellent. Citronella is more of a nice-smelling backup than a shield.